What political effects did literacy tests and poll taxes have in the “new south” after reconstruction?

Literacy tests and poll taxes achieved their desired effect of disenfranchising African-American voters.

Literacy tests were often as the discretion of the country official, and so literacy tests were used until the 1960s as a way to keep African-American voters from voting.

Similarly, poll taxes were used to keep poor African-American (and sometimes white voters) from voting on matters that ran counter to the prevailing opinion.

1st and 3rd : ) now lemme smash