In gideon v wainwright (1963) the supreme court ruled that gideon has been denied his rights because he had

Gideon had been denied his rights because he had not been provided an attorney when he could not afford one.Clarence Gideon had been charged with a burglary in Florida, and the judge said he could not appoint an attorney for Mr. Gideon because the crime of which he was accused was not a capital offense.  Gideon claimed he was entitled to be represented by counsel, but the judge did not agree.  Gideon was convicted and went to state prison.  From there, he appealed to the US Supreme Court in a suit against the Secretary of the Florida Department of Corrections.  (By the time the case came before the Supreme Court, that was Louie L. Wainwright, thus "Gideon v. Wainwright.")  The Supreme Court agreed with Mr. Gideon's claim, and since then, all persons, whether in state or federal court, are entitled to the right to counsel and an attorney is appointed if they cannot afford to hire their own.

he had not been provided an attorney

answer:   migrations were important in the neolithic period. "two major migrations passing through southeastern europe were confirmed by the means of archaeo-genetic studies."

the first migration was the early neolithic period -- 6,000 before common era (bce) -- when the first farmers, from anatolia -- asia minor -- spread through europe. the second migration occurred during the early bronze age (3,000-2,500 bce) when the so-called "steppe population," from the eurasian steppe, replaced much of northern europe's previous population.

the first farmers of northern and western europe passed through southeastern europe with limited hunter-gatherer genetic admixture, which occurs when two or more previously isolated populations begin interbreeding. however, some groups that remained mixed extensively -- without the male-biased, hunter-gatherer admixture that prevailed later in the north and west, according to latest discoveries. southeastern europe continued to be a nexus between east and west, with intermittent genetic contact with the steppe people up to 2,000 years before the migrations that replaced much of northern europe's population.

"in some places, hunter-gatherers and incoming farmers seem to have mixed very quickly," says iain mathieson, a geneticist at the university of pennsylvania, who was first author of the paper. "but, mostly, the two groups remained isolated, at least for the first few hundred years. these hunter-gatherers had been living there for thousands of years, and it must have been quite a shock to have these new people show up -- with a completely different lifestyle and appearance."