What were the conditions necessary to advance astronomical knowledge from copernicus to kepler to newton? how did they develop during the seventeenth century?

During the 17th century, the Scientific Revolution reached vastly new horizons that greatly furthered our understanding of the physical world. Science advances when the processes through which we discern knowledge become more accurate and reliable, and it always has to start with basic assumptions.

Copernicus' commitment to his radical logical assumptions, went so far as to causing a complete change of paradigm that shifted how the entire world was seen, both cosmically and religiously. We can say for sure that with his theory of heliocentrism, he initiated the Scientific Revolution all by himself.

Kepler's strongest input came with the three Laws of Planetary Motion, discovering that the planets move around the Sun in orbits shaped like ellipses.

Newton presented the three principal Laws of Motion, which served as the basis for all of modern physics. In addition, his introduction and development of calculus became the most relevant method of solving more complex mathematical problems. He also introduced the Law of Universal Gravitation.

Hope this helps!