Is it true that muslim scientists had improved the astrolabe, or is it false? and i also need to know who had written a medical encyclopedia that was translated into latin and widely used throughout europe? was it ibn battutah, omar khayyám, mehmed ii, or avicenna?

What triumphs did the late 19th century witness in the realms of industrial growth, urbanization, and technological innovation? what challenges did these developments pose for urban dwellers, workers, and recent immigrants? how did city officials and everyday citizens respond to these challenges?

Explain how zollverein, a tariff agreement, to unite the german states.

23. how does specialization among nations encourage interdependence? nations work together to share labor and resources to produce vital goods. nations sign treaties prohibiting taxes on imports. nations produce specific goods and then trade to obtain things they need. nations that are more developed agree to fund development in nations with limited industry.