When it was created, the fourteenth amendment to the constitution ensured rights for

Anybody born in the united states before and after the amendment have us citizenship that cannot be taken away. This also applied to previous or current slaves during the time of its enactment.

states

explanation:

as the old saying goes, all politics are local. state and federal governments affect our daily lives in numerous ways. yet, in our federal system, there is supposed to be a balance between federal and state power. as james madison envisioned it in federalist no. 51, “the power surrendered by the people” would be “divided between two distinct governments,” creating a balance of power that would enable the “different governments [to] control each other.”

i would say b. or c.