Social democratic political parties in europe were an outgrowth of the philosophy of a. napoleon bonaparte b. otto von bismarck c. charles darwin d. karl marx

D. Karl Marx is the correct answer.

Explanation:

The social, political and economic philosophy that supports both social and economic interventions for providing social justice but within the limits of liberal democratic polity and capitalist economy.

The social democrats wanted to achieve their goals with representative democracy, regulation of economy and income redistribution. It is also known as European socialism because the social democratic parties influenced the socioeconomic policies in the Nordic countries.

Eliminating oppression, eradicating poverty and inequality are some of the characteristics of the social democratic policies.  

Its roots can be traced back to 1860 in German Empire where it emerged as form of  revolutionary socialism that was associated with orthodox Marxism.  It  spread to the world by 1910s as it provided a peaceful transition from the capitalism to socialism without disturbing established political frameworks,