Public intellectuals that questioned government and applied reason to thinking are called

Public intellectuals that questioned government and applied reason to thinking are called Enlightment philosophers.

During the Enlightment period, the absolut monarchies on the Ancient Regime were questioned and weakeaned due to the intervention of these thinkers. Enlightment philosophers aimed to introduce reason in society, and in turn, to overturn superstitions and/or religious dogmas.

At those times, the absolut king had in his hands all the powers of the state and governed a nation at his discretion. It was believed that those powers were legitimate because God directly had granted them to him. In opposition, the Enlighment thinkers introduced the first democratic concepts: social contract (the power of a state is held by the citizens who should transfer it to political representatives through suffrage), the division of powers (three branches of goverment: legislative, executive and judiciary, in order to prevent authoritarism), etc. These new principles directly threatened the pillars of the governments of the authoritarian kings, and brought reason to the political sphere.

tenochtitlan (also spelled tenochtitlán), located on an island near the western shore of lake texcoco in central mexico, was the capital city and religious centre of the aztec civilization. the traditional founding date of the city was 1345 ce and it remained the most important aztec centre until its destruction at the hands of the conquering spanish led by hernán cortés in 1521 ce, which led to the final collapse of the aztec empire.