(will mark ! )how has the supreme court's ruling in citizens united v. federal election commission (fec) affected campaign spending in by interest groups? a. it has caused spending by interest groups to decrease b. it has caused spending by interest groups to increase c. it has caused some interest groups to decrease spending and others to increase spending d. it has had no impact on spending by interest groups

The correct answer is B. It has caused spending by interest groups to increase. Since the ruling, multi-billion corporations and other interest groups have funneled unprecedented amounts of money to the parties or politicians that are susceptible to further their interests via the Super PACs (that are not allowed to spend money directly in the politicians' campaigns but can spend unlimited amounts of funds independently and in favor of the party/politician of their choice).

war never

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts