The "capitulations" were humiliating concessions to the west that
a) allowed western powers to establish spheres of influence within ottoman territory.
b) forbade the manufacture of cotton cloth and obliged ottomans to buy textiles from britain.
c) held european citizens exempt from ottoman laws and taxes.
d) restricted the exchange of technology and prevented the emergence of domestic industry in the ottoman empire.
e) permitted unrestricted traffic in and out of the black sea.