Why did napoleon cause instability in europe?

Napoléon Bonaparte was a Corsican statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. He was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 and again briefly in 1815 during the Hundred Days. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815

Following the radical French Revolution of 1789, First Consul of France Napoleon Bonaparte launched a series of military campaigns aimed at expanding the French Empire known as the Napoleonic Wars. The wars were largely successful for the French army until the overzealous French general attempted an attack on the Russian Empire, resulting in his army's defeat and Napoleon's exile to the island of Elba. His exile however proved ineffective, and Napoleon returned to the French throne and attempted further armed conflict in the continent. This time, Napoleon's forces were easily overwhelmed, and Napoleon was exiled to the remote island of St. Helena, where he would reside until his death in 1821. Meanwhile, as a result of the aggressive expansionist French campaigns, the Great Powers of Europe, which at the time was comprised of Great Britain, Austria, Russia, Prussia, and France, held the Congress of Vienna in 1814-1815 headed by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich to debate how Europe was to be reformed and how France was to be punished for its aggression. The Congress' first objective was to ratify the previously drafted Treaty of Chaumont, which forced France to cede any territory gained in the Napoleonic Wars and pledged each nation's army to resist and extinguish any continued French aggression. The second and more delicate objective of the Congress of Vienna was to size and reshape national boundaries in continental Europe in order to balance the Great Powers of Europe, using Northern Italy, Poland, and a series of small German states as a sort of neutralizing buffer between Austria, Prussia, and Russia. The ultimate result of the Congress of Vienna was the Concert of Europe—the framework for European international policy until the outbreak of World War I in 1914

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african american women made meaningful gains in the labor force and us armed forces as a result of the wartime labor shortage during the second world war, but these advances were sharply circumscribed by racial segregation, which was legal in all parts of the country, and virulent racism in the dominant culture. president franklin roosevelt’s signing of executive order 8802 in 1941 banned race discrimination in defense industries and civil service jobs. it was rarely enforced, however, and mostly ignored by employers until they were forced to hire nonwhites by exhaustion of the white labor supply. even then, war industries often filled their most menial and dangerous positions with black employees, frequently on night shifts and in janitorial slots. african american women suffered both racial and gender discrimination, so they had to fight very hard even to enter skilled spots on the production line in aircraft, shipyard work, and other well-paying war industries.

entrenched racist attitudes on the part of white employers and coworkers in the nation’s war-production centers hindered black women’s ability to gain employment in these unionized blue-collar jobs. when black people did get hired, they often were forced to use separate restrooms and to perform the lowest paid, most difficult work. sometimes their employment triggered hate strikes, which erupted periodically over the war, when white workers walked off the job over promotion or hiring of african americans into previously restricted departments and occupation categories. in 1943, for example, a baltimore western electric plant was forced to build separate toilet facilities for white and black workers when white women demanded them. barred from most service occupations like telephone operator, clerical worker (other than federal offices in washington, dc), or waitress at white restaurants, black women mainly found war jobs in dangerous industries such as munitions plants.

african american women

the difficulty for black women entering skilled production areas, retail and other service work, or transportation jobs during the 1940s is mirrored in their continuing dominance of the private market for maids. although during the war, the proportion of african american women who were working in domestic service fell dramatically, from 60 to 44 percent, domestic employment remained their primary occupation category throughout the war. even in the military, which they did enter as a support for black male soldiers in the segregated armed forces, black women had trouble escaping low-skilled assignments, and they were not allowed to take combat roles. six african american wacs, for example, were court-martialed at fort devens, massachusetts, when they refused to take custodial assignments. in her memoir of being the first african american to join the women’s army corps, charity adams earley mentions the common army practice of dividing into "white" and "colored" the jobs wacs were given, with the latter being menial and

japans americans

japanese americans in military during world war ii in world war ii for its size and length of service, japanese americans served in the u.s. armed to nisei veterans in general—"most of the others did extremely well in their work and lives.

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