What was the main political challenge mexico faced after independence?

They spread knowledge of medicine, mathematics, and other sciences. The hindu-arabic mathematical numerals 0-9 is still used today.

How to rule themselves as strong, centralized government, or a more liberal, representative government's that largely let the states run themselves with little federal interference.

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the answer should be:

their party has more members.

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nations must cooperate to bring about and maintain world peace.

nations must not wage wars or commit war crimes in a desire to control other nations.

i think i know which options you have but if these aren't options let me know