Before the berlin conference, how much of africa was independent (under local control)?

It can be inferred that the dramatic increase in defense spending by germany was the result of. (a) attempts by great britain to take german colonies. ( b) fear of a two-front war against france and russia (c) the need to put down a communist rebellion (d) a competition with the allies to produce atomic weapons

When this was published in early 1776, many american colonists became convinced that they should act to form a new kind of nation independent from the rule of britain's "cruel" courts

Which of these discoveries contradict components of dalton’s atomic theory?