Who was in control of california before the gold rush?

Who commanded fort union in the 1850's? what were their contributions to fort union?

One drawback of voluntary trade is that it a. requires two groups to use a common language b. can make one group dependent upon another for necessary goods c. doesn't occur unless there is a shortage of goods for at least one group d. forces groups to rely on themselves to produce all the goods they need

In federalism, the power to govern is