In mculloch, the marshall court decided that the federal gov could create a national bank based on the constitution's [blank] clause. a)seperation, b)establishment, c)supremacy, d)reserved power

The answer is c. =^.^=

your list doesn't mention any of them at all.

and what does "these" mean anyway ?

in contrast, the biological controls are self-sustaining, inexpensive and very effective once established. biological control could be used on thousands of golf course acres, improving their biodiversity and quality as wildlife habitat. in the process, the golf industry will be shown to be leaders in an environmental stewardship program of benefit not only to the lands they manage but also to the watersheds in which they exist.