What 3rd party formed during the late 1800’s

The Populist Party -- officially named The People's Party

The People's Party (more often referred to as the Populist Party) was formed  in 1892.  The goal of the party was to represent common people over against the interests of big business, bankers, railroads ... and the politicians who served those corporate interests.   The People's Party existed till 1908.  Its strongest period of influence was from 1892 to 1896.  It merged into the Democratic Party in 1896, though a small portion of the group retained its active, independent status till 1908.  The Populists' original base of support came mainly from farmers, and then they allied also with the labor movement in the USA.  The New Deal policies put into place by the Roosevelt administration in the 1930s echoed the issues and demands the Populist Party previously had emphasized.

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.