Which statement describes the way the islamic empire treated conquered peoples throughout the middle east, north africa, and europe?   a. it allowed conquered people to retain complete independence as long as they converted to islam.  b. it promoted islam but tolerated the culture, religion, and science of non-muslims.  c. it brutally massacred non-muslim populations and replaced them with muslim immigrants.  d. it generally adopted the conquered peoples' religions as new elements of islam.