Conflicts and popular protests in what type of cities at the end of the 19th century included a widespread but ultimately ineffective protest movement among american farmers disadvantaged by commodity prices, railway fees, and farm mortgage policies that were controlled by urban businesses.

Industrial

Explanation:

According to a different source, these are the options that come with this question:

Conflicts and popular protests at the end of the 19th century originated in industrial cities. This is because industrial cities were the places where the most change was occurring. Protests in these cities were sometimes organized by farmers, as they believed themselves to be disadvantaged because of the changes that were taking place in the nation. These changes were often designed to benefit cities, which left farmers in a weaker position.

- "a new era of american politics began with jackson's election in 1828, but it also completed a grand social experiment begun by the american revolution. nevertheless, jacksonian democracy represented a provocative blending of the best and worst qualities of american society."

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the answer is mass marketing.