How were the "new" immigrants that arrived in america in the late 1800s different from earlier waves of immigrants?

Earlier waves were from northern Europe, the later waves came from Southern and eastern Europe, thus being from completely different backgrounds.

The role of women in the enlightenment is often debated and frequently overlooked. women during this era were not considered of equal status to men, and much of their work and effort was suppressed.[1] salons, coffeehouses, debating societies, academic competitions and print all became avenues for women to socialize, learn and discuss enlightenment ideas. these avenues furthered their roles in society and created stepping stones for future progress