How did actions by american presidents and their cabinets affect the civil rights movement?

Presidents have done much to help the cause of civil rights in America.  President Harry S. Truman ended segregation both in the military as well as the government.  John F. Kennedy and even Lyndon Johnson did much to enforce the law to allow Black students to study with whites as well called out the National Guards to help Black Americans register and vote.

b

explanation:

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.