How did european leaders respond to islamic expansion in 700ce

Violently.

European leaders did not respond well to the Islamic Expansion and eventually lead to the Crusades for the Holy Land due to such expansion.

Hope this helps!

the correct answer is d

the tariff was created to protect industry in the northern part of the united states. industries in the north were being driven out of business by imported goods that were priced at a low rate. the goal was to protect these industries   by taxing the goods.