The doctrine confirms the independence of sovereign nations and their courts. a. international sovereignty b. act-of-sovereign c. act-of-state d. act-of-solidarity

The correct answer is  Act-of-State

This refers to a doctrine that requires every sovereign state to respect the independence of other sovereign states. It is also an act passed by a state in relation to foreign affairs and foreign citizens or any other acts done by a government within its territory

c. is the best answer

#1 im pretty sure its a.