Which name refers to the italian independence movement founded by giuseppe mazzini that combined nationalist and democratic ideals? a. garibaldi's thousand b. papal staes c. redshirts d. young italy

D. Young Italy

Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) was a powerful promoter of Italian nationalism during the 19th century, at a time when the Italian peninsula was divided into many smaller entities.  He founded the group known as Young Italy and was a major figure in the Italian unification movement known as "Risorgimento" ("rising again").  He was a strong voice calling for all Italians to unite together in a republic.  Let me quote you a bit from Mazzini, an example of his persuasive style:
"I, believing in the mission entrusted by God to Italy, and the duty of every Italian to strive to attempt its fulfillment; convinced that where God has ordained that a nation shall be, he has given the requisite power to create it; that the people are the depositaries of that power, and that in its right direction for the people, and by the people, lies the secret of victory; convinced that virtue consists in action and sacrifice, and strength in union and constancy of purpose:  I give my name to Young Italy, an association of men holding the same faith."