Which is an example of a pioneer species? lichens ferns spiders squirrels

Containing a negative consequence for the stability of the social system

Autolysis is a process in which damaged or dying cells digest themselves via reactions catalyzed by their own digestive enzymes duo to rupture of a specific organelles. which organelle do you think is involved in autolysis? explain

Which term is used to describe a hole played in one stroke under par?