Organ Systems
As you now know, there are 11 different organ systems within the human body that must constantly work to maintain a healthy internal environment. Each organ system has unique characteristics and functions.
Integumentary
The integumentary system, or integument, is made up a cutaneous membrane (skin) and various accessory structures, some of them including hair, nails and many exocrine glands like sweat and oil glands. The integument is considered the body’s first line of defense – this is where the external environment first meets the human body. As such, one of the major functions of the integumentary system is to protect underlying tissues and organs from physical impact and abrasions as well as to protect the body from chemicals that may attempt to enter the body. These are only a few of the many functions, however. The integument also synthesizes vitamin D3, which is eventually converted in the body to calcitriol, a hormone important in calcium regulation. Maintaining and regulating body temperature is also a function of the skin, whether it is through insulation or cooling, depending on the need of the body. In addition to these functions, the skin also serves to eliminate salts, water, and wastes. The body has a large amount of sensory nerves located in the integument as well. These nerves sense touch, pressure, pain, and temperature.
