How do bacteria survive for so long during harsh conditions until finding a host?

Most bacteria (prokaryotes) have a thick cell wall that protects them in most harsh conditions.

Explanation:

Some soil bacteria can form edospores: (tough structures formed to protect bacteria from enviromental changes)

the aorta is the large artery leaving the heart branches into smaller arteries, which eventually branch into capillaries.the arteries carry oxygen and nutrients away from your heart, to your body's tissues. the capillaries are small, thin blood vessels that connect the arteries and the veins. the statement that arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to capillaries is true. veins on the other hand are blood vessels that take oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.