What is an effect of short time exposure to stress?

Smoking cigarettes is a pervasive habit found in many parts of the world and a habit that could be explained by both microsociological and macrosociological forces. give an example of each that would be relevant to explaining the proliferation of smoking. how might your suggested micro- and macro-level analyses be linked

The part of the nephron provides initial filtering of the blood in the urinary system.

Which term defines one's age as measured by how well the body is working? chronological age biological age social age mental age