In which of the following situations is someone using peer pressure based on a rejection tactic?

a. joe has had the same friends since childhood. they all started drinking recently. joe thinks he should start drinking too or they won't want him around.

b. martha's friends regularly take ecstasy at parties. when she refused to take any, they told her she was a bore.

c. justina's friends drink regularly. they recently told her to quit hanging around because she insists on staying sober.

In 2009, a flu pandemic was believed to have originated when viral transmission occurred from pig to human, thereby earning the designation, "swine flu." although pigs are thought to have been the breeding ground for the 2009 virus, sequences from bird, pig, and human viruses were all found within this newly identified virus. what is the most likely explanation of why this virus contained sequences from bird, pig, and human viruses? a) the virus was descended from a common ancestor of bird, pig, and human flu viruses. b) the infected individuals happened to be infected with all three virus types. c) related viruses can undergo genetic recombination if the rna genomes mix and match during viral assembly. d) the human was likely infected with various bacterial strains that contained all three rna viruses.