The diagram below represents the results of the net movement of a specific kind of molecule across a living cell membrane. The movement of molecules from A to side B is an example of the process of

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Which of the following best reflects what we know about how the flu virus moves between species? a) the flu virus in a pig is mutated and replicated in alternate arrangements so that humans who eat the pig products can be infected. b) a flu virus from a human epidemic or pandemic infects birds; the birds replicate the virus differently and then pass it back to humans. c) an influenza virus gains new sequences of dna from another virus, such as a herpesvirus; this enables it to be transmitted to a human host. d) an animal such as a pig is infected with more than one virus, genetic recombination occurs, the new virus mutates, the virus is passed to a new species such as a bird, and the virus mutates again and can now be transmitted to humans.

Will treating a viral infection with antibiotics affect the course of the infection? a) no; antibiotics work by inhibiting enzymes specific to bacteria. antibiotics have no effect on eukaryotic or virally encoded enzymes. b) no; antibiotics do not kill viruses because viruses do not have dna or rna. c) yes; antibiotics activate the immune system, and this decreases the severity of the infection. d) yes; antibiotics can prevent viral entry into the cell by binding to host-receptor proteins.