A COPD patient is admitted with pneumonia. He is not able to produce his usual amount of sputum. The patient states that when the does cough up sputum, it is very thick and yellow. Upon auscultation, you note that he has expiratory rhonchi bilaterally and crackles over the right middle and lower lobes. He is already receiving aerosol treatments with albuterol and ipratropium bromide. He is also on antibiotics a) what other medication may help to reduce the viscosity of this patient's sputum? b) what other therapies and recommendations do you have for this patient? c) what woudl you tell this patient concerning systemic hydration?

Fundamental emotions or emotions that are learned and are highly complex true or false

Which two levels of the spine that can undergo flexion and extension?

The herpes viruses are important enveloped dna viruses that cause disease in vertebrates and in some invertebrates such as oysters. some of the human forms are herpes simplex virus (hsv) types i and ii, causing facial and genital lesions, and the varicella zoster virus (vsv), causing chicken pox and shingles. each of these three actively infects nervous tissue. primary infections are fairly mild, but the virus is not then cleared from the host; rather, viral genomes are maintained in cells in a latent phase. the virus can later reactivate, replicate again, and infect others. in electron micrographs of hsv infection, it can be seen that the intact virus initially reacts with cell surface proteoglycans, then with specific receptors. this is later followed by viral capsids docking with nuclear pores. afterward, the capsids go from being full to being "empty." which of the following best fits these observations? a) viral capsids are needed for the cell to become infected; only the capsids enter the nucleus. b) the viral envelope is not required for infectivity, since the envelope does not enter the nucleus. c) only the genetic material of the virus is involved in the cell's infectivity, and is injected like the genome of a phage. d) the viral envelope mediates entry into the cell, the capsid mediates entry into the nuclear membrane, and the genome is all that enters the nucleus.