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What are hormones? a. they are minerals needed for proper bone formation. b. they are the parts of the body targeted by endocrine glands. c. they are substances needed for muscle and nerve activity. d. they are substances released by endocrine glands.

Poliovirus is an rna virus of the picornavirus group, which uses its rna as mrna. at its 5' end, the rna genome has a viral protein (vpg) instead of a cap. this is followed by anontranslated leader sequence, and then a single long protein-coding region (~7000 nucleotides), followed by a poly-a tail. observations were made that used radioactive amino acid analogues. short period use of the radioactive amino acids result in labeling of only very long proteins, while longer periods of labeling result in several different short polypeptides. what conclusion is most consistent with the results of the radioactive labeling experiment? a) host cell ribosomes only translate the viral code into short polypeptides. b) the rna is only translated into a single long polypeptide, which is then cleaved into shorter ones. c) the rna is translated into short polypeptides, which are subsequently assembled into large ones. d) the large radioactive polypeptides are coded by the host, whereas the short ones are coded for by the virus.

The virus genome and viral proteins are assembled into virions (virus particles) during ) the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle in all known host organismsb) the lysogenic cycle onlyc) the lytic cycle onlyd) the lytic cycle in all host organisms but the lysogenic cycle only in bacteria