Which cerebral vascular hemorrhage causes meningeal irritation, photophobia, and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs?

Hemorrhage due to a vascular malformation (such as arteriovenous

malformation [ AVM ], cavernoma, or spinal arteriovenous fistulas [AVF]), is

the second most common cause of intramedullary spinal cord hemorrhage.

Vascular malformations can also lead to spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage

(SAH).

if you think your dog may have been exposed to a toxin, the best thing to do is to check the label of the item you think your pet ingested. read the information about toxicity. often, but not always, the information on packaging regarding children is relevant to dogs and some manufacturers even discuss dog toxicity. if there is an 800 number on the package – call them! it’s also recommended that you call your veterinarian to confirm the recommendations. if you go to your veterinarian, take all packaging and any information you have on the product.