Michael is a 17-year-old high school football player who has recently been doing "two a day" practices in preparation for the upcoming season. He is in good physical condition at 70 inches and 165 pounds. He is attempting to gain weight, so he has increased his intake of protein foods and estimates he eats approximately 3500 kcalories a day. One particularly hot afternoon, Micah is sweating profusely and begins to feel weak and has a difficult time keeping up with his usual practice routines. Noticing that his face is visibly flushed, his coach has him sit out of practice. Micah reports having eaten 2 peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, potato chips, and a can of soda for lunch, about 2 hours before practice. He had a breakfast burrito with eggs and cheese for breakfast with a 12-ounce glass of orange juice.

1. Which is typically one of the early symptoms of dehydration?

a. dry mouth

b. flushed skin

c. fatigue

d. irritability

e. dizziness

2. Based on these signs of dehydration, what percentage of body fluid would you estimate Michael has lost?

a. less than 1

b. 1 to 2

c. 3 to 4

d. 5 to 6

e. 7 to 9

3. Michael is considering snack foods and wants to pick items that will improve his hydration. In terms the percentage of water they provide, which of the following would be the best choice?

a. grapes

b. bananas

c. strawberries

d. oranges

e. apples

3. Along with water, what else has Michael lost through sweating?

a. copper

b. manganese

c. iron

d. sodium

e. glucose

5. Assuming his energy intake and energy expenditure are in balance, how much fluid should Michael be taking in each day?

a. 2.0 to 3.5 liters

b. 3.5 to 5.25 liters

c. 5.25 to 7.0 liters

d. 7.0 to 10.0 liters

e. 10.0 to 12.0 liters

6. What brain structure is importantly involved in thirst and water satiety?

a. hippocampus

b. pineal

c. amygdala

d. hypothalamus

e. cerebellum

Prompt: read the following case study and discuss the questions listed at the end of this page. brittany is a 15-year-old freshman in high school. she is the oldest child in a single parent family. she enjoys sports and participates in volleyball, basketball, track, and softball at school. her usual day consists of breakfast at home, which is usually a pop-tart on the way out of the house. lunch is a fast food meal with friends that often consists of a double cheeseburger, fries, and large regular soda pop after which she often feels stuffed and bloated, but feels she needs the calories for her busy sports schedule. she then doesn’t eat again until later in the evening even if she is hungry after school. supper is either a hot dog or pop at ball games or left-over food in the refrigerator after she gets home from practice. she doesn’t care much for fruits and vegetables other than bananas, corn and lettuce salad, as her mom seldom prepares them for the family or keeps fresh fruit on hand. she is 5’6” and weighs 115 pounds and would like to weigh closer to 100–105 pounds. a weight-for-height table puts her weight range at 125 pounds to 135 pounds. she is worried about gaining weight. a cute guy in her math class that she would like to date was overheard talking to his buddies and making fun of large girls in the class. she feels like she is always stressed for time with games and practices, homework to do in the evenings, and household duties she does for her mom who works to support the family. she feels like she has no leisure time for herself. when feeling extra stressed she will eat an entire large bag of potato chips or three to four cups of ice cream and then feel guilty afterward. questions: 1. name some of the components of brittany’s lifestyle and eating patterns that are contrary to the wellness approach to body size and weight management principles covered in this section. 2. what are some improvements she could make based on these principles? name as many as you can. what are some practical ways you can make improvements or healthy things you are already doing?