Carla opens her eyes in the morning to see flowers by her bedside. At that point, her eyes are receiving light energy, which they change into neural messages for the brain to process. This conversion of one form of energy into another is called:

A. top-down processing.
B. transduction.
C. opponent-process.
D. retinal transformation.

B. Transduction.

Explanation:

Transduction:

Transduction is the process in which energy changes or converts from one form into another or the action or process of conversion of something into another form.

Here is olfactory transduction occurs when Carla opens eyes and saw flowers and the signal her eyes received in form of light energy are converted into neuronal signal which transfer to brain and then brain recognized the flowers.

So, the conversion of light energy into neuronal signal is called signal transdution or olfactory transduction.