An explanation for the stress-reducing effect of exercise is termed the physiological toughness model. according to this model, a "physiologically tough" individual would respond to a stressor/challenge with which of the following types of responses?

a. a response that is characterized predominantly by catecholamines

b. a response that is characterized predominantly by cortisol

c. a strong & rapid response to the stressor/challenge

d. a & c

option D

Explanation:

Catecholamine means dopamine, adrenaline and non-adrenaline. In fight and flight condition or challenge, catecholamine is released in body but limited release of cortisol because cortisol is released at specific condition like threat or arousal sense. So in physiological  toughness model , body shows some adaptation to that incoming challenge, they consider it as challenge not as threat so the increased level of catecholamines show less fear in individual under study.

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