Adental student wants to test if fluoride is an effective additive against tooth decay. the student studies tooth decay in a population of people who live in neighborhoods supplied with fluoridated water. this student would like to ask whether access to fluoridated water prevents tooth decay. what would be an effective control group to ask this question?

Individuals with access to water with no fluoride added.

Explanation:

When we want to do an experiment we must establish which will be the experimental group (one where the factor tested in the experiment is applied) and a control group (one that was set exactly the same as the experimental group but the factor tested in the experiment was not applied). In the case shown in the question above, the student wants to develop an experiment that tests whether fluoridated water is effective in preventing tooth decay.

This student's experimental group is a group of people who consume water with the addition of fluor (factor tested in the experiment) in their composition, whereas their control group will be a group of people who do not consume water with the addition of fluor in their composition.

low context culture   (lc.):

association:    

relationships begin and end quickly. many people can be inside one's circle; circle's boundary is not clear.

things get done by following procedures and paying attention to the goal.

one's identity is rooted in oneself and one's accomplishments.

social structure is decentralized; responsibility goes further down (is not concentrated at the top).

interaction:

low use of nonverbal elements. message is carried more by words than by nonverbal means.

verbal message is explicit. context is less important than words.

verbal message is direct; one spells things out exactly.

communication is seen as a way of exchanging information, ideas, and opinions.  

disagreement is depersonalized. one withdraws from conflict with another and gets on with the task. focus is on rational solutions, not personal ones. one can be explicit about another's bothersome behavior.

territoriality:

space is compartmentalized and privately owned; privacy is important, so people are farther apart.

temporality:

things are scheduled to be done at particular times, one thing at a time. what is important is that activity is done efficiently.

change is fast. one can make change and see immediate results.

time is a commodity to be spent or saved. one’s time is one’s own.

learning:

reality is fragmented and compartmentalized. one source of information is used to develop knowledge. thinking is inductive, proceeds from specific to general. focus is on detail.

learning occurs by following explicit directions and explanations of others.

an individual orientation is preferred for learning and problem solving.

speed is valued. how efficiently something is learned is important.

hope that                                         : )