A(n) occurs when the ventricles act as the heart's pacemaker due to the failure of upper pacemakers. the heart rate is 50. the rhythm is somewhat regular. there are no p waves and no pr intervals. the qurs interval is wide and bizarre and 0.16 seconds

You are assessing an 86-year-old postoperative patient who has an unexpressive, stoic demeanor. when you enter the room, the patient is curled into the fetal position and your assessment reveals that his vital signs are elevated and he is diaphoretic. you ask the patient what his pain level is on a 0-to-10 scale that you explained to the patient prior to surgery. the patient indicates a pain level of “three or so.” you review your pain-management orders and find that all medications are ordered prn. how would you treat this patient's pain?