Ayoung man named stephen is admitted to the hospital emergency room. he states that he feels as though he is going to die. he says, “my breathing starts getting very shallow. i feel i’m going to stop breathing. the air feels like it gets thinner. i feel the air is not coming up through my nose. i take short rapid breaths. then i see an image of myself gasping for air and remember what happened in the hospital. i think that i will start grasping. i get very dizzy and disoriented. i cannot sit or stand still. i start pacing. then i start shaking and sweating. if feel i’m losing my mind and i will flip out and hurt myself or someone else. my heart starts beating fast and i start getting pains in my chest. my chest tightens up. i become very frightened. i get afraid that these feelings will not go away. then i get really upset. if feel no one will be able to me. i get very frightened i will die. i want to run to some place safe but i don’t know where.” he then comments that he has experienced this feeling at least 3 times before and now he consistently dreads that he will have more of these “attacks”. he has experiences these situations in various settings and now feels a fear that he will experience such an attack wherever he goes. he has not left his home due to this fear for the last 3 months. this emergency room visit is the only time he has left his house.

how are stephen's state and these "attacks" called?