Jojo is an 18 yr old college freshman who has dropped by the clinic just to ask you about some experiences he's been having since coming to college. he never used to drink alcohol or coffee before living on campus, but now he drinks beer on the weekends and coffee several times a day. what he's noticed is how much more frequently he has to urinate. he's wondering what's going on and if he should be concerned that he has some weird illness.

Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium transmitted to people by deer ticks. deer ticks are almost never born infected with the bacterium, but they can pick it up from feeding on an infected host in any of the tick's three successive stage of development: larva, nymph, adult. once infected, a tick remains infected through any subsequent developmental stages, but since a tick feeds on only one host in each stage, it follows that . people can be infected only by being bitten by a tick that is either in larval stage or in the nymph stage b. people cannot be infected by a tick that picked up the lyme disease bacterium in the adult stage c. it is not possible for a person to be infected by a tick that is in the nymph stage or by a tick that was infected with the bacterium while in the nymph stage d. people infected with the lyme disease bacterium cannot transmit bacterium to adult deer ticks e. only deer ticks that are adults can transmit the lyme disease bacterium to people