Dr. lairmore makes the point that veterinarians don't just treat "the animal," but approach treatment from a "one health" perspective. what other things are veterinarians looking at, and why?

You are assessing an 86-year-old postoperative patient who has an unexpressive, stoic demeanor. when you enter the room, the patient is curled into the fetal position and your assessment reveals that his vital signs are elevated and he is diaphoretic. you ask the patient what his pain level is on a 0-to-10 scale that you explained to the patient prior to surgery. the patient indicates a pain level of “three or so.” you review your pain-management orders and find that all medications are ordered prn. how would you treat this patient's pain?

Investigator a has biological specimens that are coded and linked to identifiers of the source individuals. investigator a provides the specimens to investigator b but does not provide the individual identifiers. investigator b agrees not to re-identify the source individuals. is investigator b's research using the biospecimens human subjects research according to the definition of human subjects research in the federal regulations?

What are the four types of infections?