When analyzing weather patterns like the one in the image above, geographers are studying

Meteorology

Explanation:

Although the image is not included here, we know that geographers who study weather patterns are studying meteorology. Meteorology refers to the scientific study of the atmosphere, as well as weather processes and forecasting. Meteorology is a sub-discipline of the atmospheric sciences, and one that has existed in different forms for millennia.

answer called a epicycle;