What are the characteristics of stage 2 countries? examples?
what are the characteristics of stage 3 countries? examples?
what are the characteristics of stage 4 countries? examples?

I assume you are talking about the demographic transition model. Stage 2 countries have very high birth rates and somewhat falling death rates. Stage 2 country examples are Sub-Saharan Africa countries like Zimbabwe or Angola. Stage 3 is characterized by a population explosion (a large increase in population). The death rate falls, and the birth rate falls slightly (sign of industrialization). These countries are developing countries like Mexico or Indonesia. Stage 4 is where both the birth rate and death rates are low, such as more developed countries. Stage 4 countries are like the United States or China.

Humid continental climate is found in the interior of continents between the 30 and 60 degrees latitude, but usually above the 40 degree line.   40 degrees north of the equator means less direct sunlight and therefore less warmth.   this climate is mainly found in the northern hemisphere since there are no major landmasses in the southern hemisphere.  if you live in northern indiana, you know all about humid continental because that is the climate type you have!