Evaluate the impact of EL Nino conditions on the farming activities

El Niño is warming of the sea surface temperature of the Pacific Ocean. Extreme flooding,

drought, lack of potable water for livestock and domestic use, food insecurity and market

imbalance are associated with El Niño and La Niña in Ethiopia. Drought following El Niño

caused 50 to 90% crop failure, in the eastern parts of Ethiopia. El Niño episodes are detected

using different statistical indices such as Oceanic Nino Index (ONI), Agricultural Stress Index

System (ASIS) and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), with magnitude ranging from weak to

strong. Identifying the El Niño and La Niña seasons it is very important to adopt suitable

adaptation strategies, which can resolve and/or reduce the negative impacts. Early warning and

immediate support to the impacted areas have been carried out to minimize risks from El Niño

animal feed for livestock from other areas has been transported to the vulnerable areas. Planting

early maturing and drought resistant crops, supplementary irrigation, early waning information

on weather and climate have been exercised as climate change adaptation strategies, early

warning mechanisms by the government of Ethiopia. El Niño and La Niña are natural

phenomena; however, it is necessary to study the occurrence and distribution of El Niño and La

Niña episodes to enable early warning and identify suitable adaptation strategies and policy

implications in the country.