Which of the following had the greatest effect on the rise of Islamism and nationalism in the Middle East?

The construction of the Suez Canal

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The Colonization of the Arab World is the singular most crucial event in creating the Nationalist, Communist, Arab Socialist, and Islamist movements in the Middle East. It was the strong rejection of colonialism and Imperialism in the Arab World that led to these movements as different ways of creating a modern Arab identity.

I know for a fact trade routes were the biggest way the Islam spread many centuries ago. And the construction of the Suez Canal brought a lot of people to the middle east

because the two particles have an equal charge, the charges will cancel out and give the atom an overall charge of 0. so, if at atom has 35 protons in the nucleus, we could expect it to have 35 electrons orbiting that nucleus.