The response of plants to outside conditions is called
morphism
tropism
reproduction ​

Sonar is an application of the doppler effect used by submarines.  this test was on k12.

It's probably because the earth is actually tilted and is not straight when orbiting the sun. that's why when it's winter here, it's summer in the southern hemisphere. in the wintertime in the northern hemisphere, it's colder here because it's tilted away from the sun and the southern hemisphere is tilted closer to the sun (i believe this is the case anyways)