What kinds of evidence do geographers use

Geographers use all the evidence that they collect like minerals or photographs 

Geographers use a variety of tools. Some included are: Artificats, Written records or books, maps, and GPS.
They also use surveying equipment with the "theodolite" being the most common and recongizable. This tool uses a level lens on a tripod that measures relative distance and elevation.
Geographers can also use remote imaging as photographic evidence. This allows geos to use remote images that record information beyond the visible spectrum such as magnetic activity, infrared temperature, and subterranean water levels.

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