What are the reasons that people say international aid to africa is doing more harm than good? what are some alternatives to sending international aid to african governments?

The main points of critic about the international aid for Africa are:
- makes the countries dependent on the aid and discourage the societies and governments to develop own industry or agriculture 
- create incentive and opportunity for corruption among those who distribute the aid 

An alternative could be the free trade with those countries, so they could sell their products (mostly agricultural and low processed goods) abroad,  another alternative could be long-term investments made in cooperation with local societies.