How do greenhouse gases affect the way energy from the sun warms the earth

Gases in the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide do what the roof of a greenhouse does. During the day, the Sun shines through the atmosphere. Earth's surface warms up in the sunlight. At night, Earth's surface cools, releasing the heat back into the air.

Answerhave flowing water either episodically or during only a portion of the year;

Hanging valley i would think so..