For plants to survive in mangrove ecosystems like the central african mangroves, they must have adaptations that allow them to live in water.
a.
salty
b.
shallow
c.
deep
d.
polluted

A. salty

Explanation:

The mangrove ecosystems are transitional ecosystems between the open sea waters and the land. The basis or the floor of the mangroves is covered with water. The water is shallow and very rich in nutrients, which makes the mangroves very suitable for lot of organisms, so they are very rich in biodiversity.

The trees that grow in the mangroves though are not typical trees. Because the water is saline, as it is water from the sea, the trees, as well as the other plants, have developed special adaptations so that they can survive in saline water.

The mangroves are very important for the humans as well. They are a natural barrier for the upcoming storms. The trees of the mangroves manage to break up the high waves. They are also capable of accumulating lot of water, so they prevent floods, or at least minimize their effects.