When a country has a large population, but very little arable land, what challenges might it experience?

Starvation for one, not enough usable land for food to grow. Basically just lack of food in general.

Food insecurity. Migration

Explanation:

When a country has a large population and very little landscape and certain challenges there exists such as that of the problem of the starvation and the desertification and no balance between the population and the production as a result of the resource are exhausted or degraded and rise in the decline in the fertility of the lands.

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