What are the characteristics of the climate and seasons in most of russia?

With a country as big as Russia, it is hard to give you an accurate estimation.  Siberia is known for some of the coldest winters in the world, reaching a very dangerous -35 degrees Celsius.  The north pole of cold has a record breaking -69 degree celsius winters.  over 65% of Russia is covered by permafrost.  There is a humid continental climate as well.